Scope. This offline atlas records common, maintained implementations and official first-class
targets as of July 2026. A language can appear in more than one category where that reflects a supported
implementation or target.
Typing. “Gradual” denotes a language that deliberately combines static and dynamic checking;
it is shown alongside its primary static or dynamic model. “Strong” and “weak” follow common coercion and
implicit-conversion conventions, which are inherently less formal than static/dynamic typing.
Execution. “Compiled” includes ahead-of-time, bytecode, and transpilation workflows.
“Interpreted” includes a standard interpreter or VM execution path. Both may apply, especially to VM and JIT
languages.
Platforms. A platform tag means the language has an established implementation, SDK, or
first-class compilation target there — not merely that an arbitrary third-party transpiler can theoretically
target it.
Runtimes. “Standalone executable” means an official or mainstream implementation can produce a
native/self-contained executable. Other entries identify the primary runtime family in this guide.